Velocipede



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. M. MARLIN. I

VELOGIPEDB. No. 388,427. Patented Aug. 28, 1888.

Fug/X PETERS, Pnmum mr. Wnhlngh n. ac

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. M. MARLIN.

VELOGIPEDB.

(N0 Mode l.) Sheets-Sheet 3.

J. MARLIN.

VELOGIPEDE. No. 388,427. Patented Aug. 28,1888.

5 g s P I Wfimaasam u PETERS Puma-W n Wuhlngmn. u a

3 on that side.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN M. MARLIN, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

VELOCIPEDE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 388,427, dated AugustApplication filed May 25, 1888. Serial No. 275,021.

To all whom. it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN M. MARLIN, of New Haven, in the county of NewHaven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Velocipedes, of which the following is a specification.

My improvement relates to vclocipcdes, and especially to the mechanismpatented to D. H. Rice and L. H. Rice, August 24, 1886, No. 348,057; anditconsists in certain new and useful constructions and combinations ofthe several parts connected with the same, substantially as hereinafterdescribed and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is aside elevation of a velocipede constructedaccording to my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical sectionthrough the hub of the wheel and fork, showing the connecting parts,ball'bearing arrangements, &c. Fig. 3 is a detached view of theball-bearing part of the fork, which is attached to its lower end,showing the cap in section around it. Fig. 4 is a face view of the innerend of the cap and brace which fits over the same and carries thereversing-gearing.

The small wheel 1 of the velocipedc is placed in rear of the large Wheel2, the latter being connected to the backbone by the usual fork andsteering-handles. To the lower ends of the fork are pivoted on each sidethe ballbearing disks 3 3 by bolts in the usual way. These disks aremade annular in shape for attaching the other supporting parts of themechanism more conveniently, as hereinafter described.

The wheel 2 has an extension, 4, upon each end of its hub, which passesthrough the disk The flanges 5 5 of the hub carry the spokes in theusual manner. Upon the extensions 4 of the hub are cut screwthreads, andon these are fitted collars 6 6, by internal threads, which enable themto be screwed on like nuts. Between each collar 6 and each flange 5 ofthe wheel-hub a sleeve, 7, of hardened steel, is slipped over thehub-extension, having in its periphery a groove fitted to receivethe'balls 8 of the ballbearing, as shown. When the collar 6 is screwedup tightly, it clamps the sleeve 7 between it and the flange 5 andsecures the parts solidly togethcr. The wheel-hub is formed by making itand its extensions of a single long sleeve and turning shoulders 9 onits circumference, against which the flanges 5 5 bear after beingslipped over the extension.

(No model.)

The flanges are brazed on in this position, and the shoulders preventtheir being moved by the pressure of the sleeves 7 7. The collars 6 6carry in re cesses in their outer peripheries the clutchrollers 10 10,which alternately grip and re lease the clutch-dru ms 11 11 as thelatter are revolved reciprocally around the same. These rollers andtheir recesses in collars 6 6 are formed, in the usual and well-knownconstruction of roller-clutches, so that as the clutchdrums 11 11 arerevolved forward in the di- 6 rection in which wheel 2 runs they willgrip the collars 6 6 and drums 11 11 together, and when the drums areturned in the opposite direction they will release the latter from thecollars and allow them to turn backward freely. The clutch-drums 11 11are driven in a forward direction by straps or cords 12, secured to andwound around their exterior periphcries, and attached to foot-levers 1313 in the usual manner, Fig. 1.

The adjustable part of the ball-bearing is a modification of that shownin the Letters Pat ent granted to David Hall Rice, July 21, 1885, N 0.322,482, and to me December 8, 1885, No. 38l,899,and is constructed asfollows: The inncr periphery of disk 3 is grooved to inclose aboutoneqnarter part of the balls 8,as shown, and has a tubular projection,14, on its inside face concentric with this groove. On the 6X teriorthis tubular projection has a screwthread cut to receive the gage-ring15 of the bearing. This gage-ring is screwed on or off the projectionlet by means of aspanner, which is formed so as to reach in between thewhee1- hub and the disk 3. The other part,16,of the 0 ball-bearing ismade to embrace the opposite side of the balls 8, and is sleeved intothe projection 14,and is secured to the latter by three or morescrews,17,in the usual manner. Access to these screws is obtained by thehole 18 5 made through the flange 5 of the hub. By revolving the wheeluntil this hole comes opposite a screw, 17, the latter may be set up bya screw-driver inserted through the hole, the gagering 15 regulating theadjustment of the parts of the bearing upon the balls.

The clutch-drum 11 on one side of the wheel is attached directly to thetubular shaft 19 by means of the splines 20 20, while at the other endthe bevel-gear 21is attached to this shaft by splines in a similarmanner. The tubular shaft 19 is supported at the ends upon theconebearings 22 22. These cone-bearings are supported exteriorly in thecentral holes,23,in the bottoms or outer sides of the cup-shaped metalcaps 24 24. The larger open end of each of these caps fits closely overthe exterior of the periphery of disk 3, being held thereto by theradial screws 25, and a recess being made in the edge of the cap to fitaround the car of IO disk 3, by which it isjoined to the fork. Thecone-bearings are thus held concentric with the ball-bearings,whichsupport the fork upon the wheel, and the caps 24, while performing thisfunction, also inclose the clutch-drums 11 I5 11, so as to exclude dust,&c., from the working parts. The eone-bearings 22'are screwed upon thecentral stationary shaft, 26, and sus tain it in place within thetubular rotating shaft 19, as shown, and on the external outer end ofeach conebearing is screwed the nut 27, which holds the whole frametogether through the center of the wheel by means of shaft 26. It willbe observed that this arrangement of parts permits of the cone-bear- 25ings 22 being adjusted to the tubular rotating shaft 19 by screwing themout or in on the sta tionary frame-shaft 26, and that the nuts 27 mayalso be used to adjust the longitudinal position of both the rotatingand stationary 3o shafts to the other parts, which is very important.

The cap 24, which incloses the bevel-gear 21, has two studs, 28 2S,screwed into its circumferential wall, projecting radiallyinward. 5These studs are surrounded by tubular bushings, preferably ofnickel-bronze composition, 29 29, and on these are mounted thebevel-pinions 30 30, engaging with the bevel-gear 21. The cover 31 ofthe clutch-drum 11 on this side of the machine has screwed upon itsprojecting hub the bevel-gear 32, which also engages with the pinions 3030. A key or feather of ordinary construction locks gear 32 to cover 31when it is screwed home, and the hub of the 5 cover takes a steadyingbearing upon the tubular shaft 19. The cover of the clutch-drum 11 isscrewed in place on it by long screws, as shown. This construction andconnection of the opposite clutch drums with each other cause therevolution imparted to one drum in a forward direction to impart arotation in a reverse direction to the other one, and vice versa,through the mechanism of the shaft 19, gear 21, pinions 3O 30, and gear32. These gears and pinions are all on the same side of thesteering-fork or frame attached thereto, and are held firmly to theframe and in relation to each other by the construction of the partssupporting them, and covered and inclosed from dust and dirt in a neatand compact form. f

It will be observed that the clutch-drums run partly on the projectingends 4 4 of the wheel-hub and partly on the shaft 19, the one whichcarries the gear 32 being of course free to revolve on the latter.\Vhile the reversing action of one clutel1-drun1 upon the other is thesame as that described in the patent of D. H. Rice and L. H. Ricereferred to, it is more compact, and there is no pulley and cordconncction between the drums to get out of order.

It will also be observed that by supporting the wheel by the fork insideof the clutchdrums and reversing gearing there is less chance for itsbearin gs to be sprung and heated than if the ends of the fork beattached to the wheel-support at some distance outside of it. The lowerends of the fork being pivotally connected to the bearing-disks 33, alltwist or strain upon the extensions 4 4 of the wheelhub is avoided,andconsequently the clutehdrums 11 11 always run freely thereon, and thisis especially advantageous in' connection with the centraladjusting-shaft, 26, which would tend to bind the bearings,'if connectedrigidly to the fork, by adjusting the nuts 27 out or in.

The cords or straps 12, which connect the cl utclrdrums 11 11 tothelevers 13, are led inward to the drums through openings 33 33 in thelower parts of caps 24.

The sleeves 7 of the ball-bearings, being clamped, as described, to thewheel-hub extensions, can be adjusted longitndinallyon the same by theintroduction of washers either between them and the collars 6 of theclutches or the flanges 5 of the wheel, which is very convenient.

The pinions 30 30 must be mounted upon their studs 28 28 after gear 21and its shaft 19 have been secured together and inserted into cup 24. Toaccomplish this the pivots 28, one or both, are made to be inserted fromthe out side, which allows of their being introduced into the pinionsfrom that direction. 1

In a velocipede of this type, in which the small wheel is placed behindthe large one, it is well known that a great part of the liability totake headers arises from the'fact that when the rider is suddenly liftedout of the saddle to a position above the axis of the large wheel, orslightly forward ofit, the wheel revolves backward and runs the machineout from under the rider, making it impossible for him to recoverhimself. My construction and positive connection of the clutch-drums bythe central shaft and reversinggcaring effectually prevent this fromwhether the weight of the rider is on the pedals or pedal or not.absolute necessity that when either cl utchdrum runs backward the othershall go for ward, and if the attempt be made to revolve both of thembackward at the same time it cannot be done without breaking the shaftor gearing connecting them; but when the driving-wheel begins to runbackward, as above described,the clutch-drums are simultaneously lockedto the wheel-hub and the latter cannot revolve backward without carryingthem both with it. As this is, however, impossible it follows that thewheel can never run backward, even when the rider has lost his foot holdon the pedals, and thus throw him over it.

This is because it is an happening, regardless of \Vhat I claim as newand of my invention 1s l. The combination of the wheel having hubPIOJGClZlOlJS 4 4 extending horizontally outward beyond its flanges 5 5,the steering-fork pivotally attached to the disks 3 3 at its lower endon each side of the wheel, the disks 3 3, supported upon the wheel-hubextensions by running-bearings, and the clutch-drums 11 11, supported onsaid wheel-hub extensions by running-bearings outside of thefork-bearings 3 3, and having clutches adapted to alternately connectthem to and release them from the wheethub, substantially as described.

2. The combination of the wheel having hub projections 44extendinghorizontally outward beyond its flanges 5 5, the steering-forkpivotally attached to its bearing-disks 3 3 at its lower ends, the disks3 3, supported upon the wheel-hub projections by running-bearings, theclutch-drums 11 11, supported by runningbearings outside of thefork-bearings 3 3, and

having clutches adapted to alternately connect them to and release themfrom the wheel-hnb, and the central tierod or shaft, 26, connecting theopposite bearingdisks 3 3 together by frame'supports extending from itsends around and outside of the clutch-drums, substantially as described.

3. The combination of the wheel 2, having lateral hub-extensions 4 4,the forkbearings 3 3, supported upon said hub-extensions, theclutch-drums 11 11, provided with clutches arranged to alternatelyconnect and disconnect them from said hub-extensions as theyreciprocally rotate, the shaft 19, connected directly to one clutch drumand extending thence through and beyond the opposite end of thewheel'hub, and the intermediate gears, 21 30 32, connecting said shaftto the other clutchdrum, substantially as described.

4. The combination of the fork-bearings 3 3, taking a running-bearingupon wheelhub extensions 4 4, the clutclrdrums ll 11, provided withclutches arranged to alternately connect and disconnect them from thehub'extensions, the tubular shaft 19, extending beyond the ends of thewheel-hub and connected to one drum 11 directly at one end, and to theother drum 11 by intermediate gears, 21 30 32, at the other end,and thetie-rod 26,extending th rough the center of tubular shaft 19, andsustained at the ends by frame-supports extending from bearings 3 3around outside of said clutch drums and gears, substantially asdescribed.

5. The combination of the tubular Wheelhub, the fork-bearings 3 3, theclutch-drums 11 11, their connecting tubular shaft 19, extending throughthe wheel-hub, and the central tie-rod, 26, extending through thetubular shaft, provided with adjustable cone-bearings 22 22 for shaft19, and sustained by framesupports upon the fork-beari gs, substantiallyas described.

6. The combination of the tubular wheelhub, the tubular revolving shaft19, extending through the same, and the cenral tie-rod sustained at itsends by frame-supports and provided with cone-bearings 22 22 for shaft19, and itself made adjustable in its frame-supports by the nuts 27 27,substantially as described.

7.. The combination of the disk 3, the gagering 15, thecollar 16,secured by screws to disk 3, and the separable grooved sleeve 7,surrounding the wheelhub extension and clamped thereto and forming theball'bearing, substantially as described.

8. The combination of the wheel-bearings 3 3, attached to the lower endof the steeringfork and formed in disk shape, the cup-shaped framesupports 24 24, having their open ends fitting around said disks andattached thereto, and the central tie-rod, 26, supported in saidcup-shaped pieces and passing through the wheel-hub, substantially asdescribed.

9. The combination, with the frame-support 24, of the stud 28, carryingpinion 30,

and also the end of tie-rod 26, which passesthrough the wheel-hub,substantially as described.

10. In combination with the fork-bearing 3, the cup-shaped frame-support24, attached thereto and passing around and inclosing clutch-drum 11 andsupporting one end of tie-rod 26, whereby the same becomes both part ofthe supporting-frame and an inclosing dust cap or guard, substantiallyas described.

11. The combination, in the inclosing eupshaped frame-piece 24, of thebevel-gear 21, attached to shaft 19, centrally located in said cup, andthe pinions 30 30, mounted upon studs 28, one or both of which studs arearranged to be inserted radially through the outer wall of said cup fromthe outside, whereby the said pinions are enabled to be mounted on saidstuds after gear 2i is introduced into place in said cup-shaped support,substantially as described.

12. The combination of the wheel-hub having the spoke-flange 5 around itand supported by a shoulder of the tube upon its inside face, and alsohaving the extension 4, the ball-bearing sleeve 7, taking a bearingagainst said spoke-flange, and the collar 6, screwed onto said extensionand bearing against and clamping sleeve 7 against flange 5,substantially as described.

13. In a velocipede having the large wheel forward of the small one, anda seat for the rider. over the same, the combination of the wheel-hub,clutch-drums arranged to simultaneously lock themselves to the hub whenthe latter turns backward, and the shaft 19, and reversing-gearsconnecting said drums positively together and preventing them fromsimultaneously turning backward, substantially as described.

JOHN M. MARLIN.

\Vitnesses:

M. E. WARD, J. F. LAWLOR.

